Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the influencing factors for hospital acquired respiratory tract infection in acute stroke patients, so as to provide the prevention of infection. METHODS Clinical data of 203 patients with acute cerebral stroke admitted by the hospital from Apr. 2013 to Mar. 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, related factors and pathogens of complicated hospital acquired respiratory tract infection of patients possibly to be affected were analyzed, and at the same time, and the influences of hospital acquired infection on the prognosis of patients were analyzed. RESULTS There were 92 cases of hospital acquired respiratory infection occurred in 203 cases of acute cerebral stroke patients, with the infection rate of 45.32%. Totally 60 strains of pathogens were isolated from the specimens, mainly gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 53.3%, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 35.0%, and 11.7% fungal infection. The age, types of stroke, disturbance of consciousness, swallowing disorders, invasive procedures, time in bed, underlying diseases, and use of antimicrobial drugs had close relationship with hospital acquired respiratory tract infection in patients with acute stroke, and the difference between groups was significant (P<0.05).The multivariate analysis showed that the types of stroke, combined with underlying diseases, invasive operation, bed time, and consciousness disorders were independent risk factors of hospital acquired respiratory tract infection in patients with acute stroke (P＜0.05). The mortality rate of infected patients was 12.00%,which was lower than 1.80% of uninfected patients (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION There are lots of independent risk factors for hospital acquired respiratory infection of patients with acute cerebral stroke, and the hospital acquired respiratory tract infection may affect the function recovery and prognosis of patients. A majority of pathogenic bacteria of patients infected are conditional pathogens, and the drug resistance is serious, timely adjustment should be made according to results of drug susceptibility of antibiotics in clinical treatment to control the infection.