Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the risk factors of postoperative infection in patients with intrahepatic bile duct stones, so as to reduce the infection rate. METHODS A total of 60 cases of bile duct stones surgery from Dec. 2012 to Dec. 2015 were selected. The infection rates, infection sites, and pathogen distribution were analyzed, and the risk factors were analyzed. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18.0. RESULTS Totally 26 cases of infection occurred in 60 cases after surgery, and the infection rate was 43.33%. In 26 cases of infected patients, there were 9 cases of pulmonary telecasts infection, accounting for 34.62%; 6 cases of wound infection, accounting for 23.08%; 4 cases of hepatic abdominal infection, accounting for 15.38%; and 4 cases of subphrenic infection, accounting for 15.38%. Totally 44 strains of pathogens were isolated, including 9 strains of gram-positive bacteria, 30 strains of gram-negative bacteria, and 5 strains of fungi, accounting for 20.46%, 68.18%, and 11.36%, respectively. The pathogens were mainly Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and K.pneumonia, accounting for 43.18%, 9.10%, and 6.82%, respectively. Age≥60, preoperative cholangitis, previous billiard surgery, diabetes, operation time, usage time of antibiotics, postoperative drainage tube pulled extend time were risk factors for postoperative infection in patients with intrahepatic bile duct stones. CONCLUSION Previous billiard surgery, postoperative drainage tube pulled extend, diabetes were risk factors for postoperative infection in patients with intrahepatic bile duct stones. Taking active preventive measures according to the risk factors can to some extent reduce the infection rate.