Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the clinical risk factors for infections within six months after diagnosis of adult primary immune thrombocytopenia (IIP) , so as to provide the basis for reducing infection rates. METHODS October 2010 - October 2015 hospital for treatment clinical data of 200 cases of adults with primary immune thrombocytopenia (IIP) patients in the hospital from Oct.2010 to Oct.2015 were analyzed. The infection rate in patients within 6 months was observed, and the hospital questionnaire was used for self basic patient statistics and univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Totally 76 cases occurred infections in 200 cases of patients, and the infection rate was 38.0%. The top three sites of infection were upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections, which accounted for 30.26%, 27.63% and 15.79%, respectively. Single factor and non-conditional logistic multivariate analysis showed that smoking history, lung function, bone marrow megakaryocyte number, use of antibiotics, and platelet antibodies were closely related with infection after diagnosis within six months in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The adult primary immune thrombocytopenia (IIP) clinical risk factors in patients after diagnosis of infection within 6 months of relatively large, and it should be combined with risk factors to propose specific response measures to reduce infection rates.