Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate neonatal peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), and effect of transparent dressings replacing in different frequency on neonatal central venous catheter-related infections, in order to select the appropriate transparent dressing change frequency to provide a theoretical basis. METHODS A total of 450 neonates indwelling PICC catheter in hospital from Jun. 2012 to Jun. 2015 were selected as research subjects, in a random manner patients were divided into three groups, in which group Ⅰ dressing changed once every three days, group Ⅱonce every five days, group Ⅲ once every 7 days, the catheter-related infection were analyzed and compared in three groups of children. RESULTS A total of 21 cases of patients got infections from 450 patients, and the infection rate was 4.67%; Staphylococcus epidermidis were the top bacteria detected out from the three groups of children, accounting for 57.14%, 71.42% and 49.99% respectively, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, accounting for 42.86%, 14.29% and 16.67% respectively.The incident rates of catheter-related infection in groupⅠand Ⅱ both 0.67%, and group Ⅲ had no catheter-related bloodstream infections. CONCLUSION We recommend that the dressing central venous catheters in neonates replacement frequency is 7 days / time to reduce the workload of medical staff, reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections, but if dressings appear moist and loose phenomenon happen, the cathether should be replaced.