Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the significance of dynamic monitoring of serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin -6 (IL-6) levels in leukemia patients with infections after chemotherapy in period of agranulocytosis, in order to provide reference for clinical treatment for leukemia combined with infection. METHODS A total of 206 patients with acute leukemia from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2015 in department of hematology in our hospital were selected. They were divided into fever group (178 cases) and non-fever group (28 cases) according to whether the patients with or without fever. The blood culture samples were identified with strain isolation. Serum hs-CRP, PCT, IL-6 levels were observed in patients before chemotherapy (T0), 3d after chemotherapy (T1), 1d after fever in neutropenic( T2), 7d after anti-infection treatment (T3), remission after chemotherapy(T4). RESULTS The hs-CRP, PCT, IL-6 levels in two groups had significant difference (P<0.05), serum hs-CRP, PCT, IL-6 were significantly decreased after anti-infection treatment in fever group after chemotherapy in period of agranulocytosis (P<0.05). Serum hs-CRP, PCT, IL-6 levels on T2 were significantly higher than T1, T3 (P<0.05). The blood culture positive rate was 8.99% in patients of fever group. Hs-CRP and PCT, IL-6 levels in positive and negative groups were significantly different (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The results show that dynamic monitoring of serum hs-CRP, PCT, IL-6 levels in neutropenia patients with infection after chemotherapy are conducive to predict the extent of bacterial infection and bacterial infection surveillance, so as to guide the antimicrobial drug use.