Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of immune cells and cytokines in children with neonatal bacterial and viral infections,in order to provide evidence for the treatment of neonatal infections.METHODS A total of 100 cases of hospitalized neonates from Jan.2014 to Jan.2015 were selected,and were divided into bacterial infection group（65cases）and virus infection group（35cases）according to the pathogenic bacteria.Patients of the two groups were given symptomatic treatment and human immunoglobulin for intravenous drip.Changes of the immune cells CD₃⁺,CD₄⁺,CD₈⁺,CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺and cytokines interleukin 4（IL-4）,interleukin-17（IL-17）and interferon gamma（IFN-）,NK cells of the two groups were observed 7d before and after treatment,and the therapeutic effects were evaluated 3dafter treatment.RESULTS The CD₃⁺of bacterial infection group was higher than that of viral infection group before treatment,and CD4⁺was lower than that of virus infection group at the same time.The immune cells of the two groups were all significantly higher than those before treatment in the same group（P＜0.05）,and had no significant difference of immune cells in the two groups after treatment.The IL-4and NK cells of bacterial infection group were significantly higher than those of after treatment and virus infection group at the same time（P＜0.05）,and the IL-17 and IFN- γhad no significance compared with those of after treatment and control group at the same period.After 3dtreatment,the total effective rate of bacterial infection group was100.0%,which was significantly higher than 71.4% of control group（P＜0.05）.CONCLUSION The neonatal bacterial or viral infection can reduce the levels of CD₃⁺,CD₄⁺,CD₈⁺,CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺,promote the increases of IL-4 and NK levels,so timely giving the human immune system protein can improve cellular immune function and the therapeutic effect,and has the potential to reduce neonatal infections.