Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the three kinds of factors that affect the hand hygiene behavior of medical staff based on PRECEDE model, so as to provide evidence for later effective intervention. METHODS A questionnaire was designed based on the PRECEDE theory and used to investigate 149 clinical medical staff in a dermatology hospital from Dec. 2015 to Jan. 2016. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0. RESULTS The survey questionnaires were issued 150, and 149 valid questionnaires were recovered, with the effective recovery rate of 99.33%. predisposing factors. There were no significant differences in the index of hand hygiene and related knowledge among medical staff of different gender, seniority, educational level and professional titles. The differences of the scores of hand hygiene indexes of doctors, nurses and medical technicians were significant (P＜0.05). Busy work and inconvenient hand washing facilities were the major contributing factors affecting the hand hygiene of the health care workers. Lack of rewards and punishments and lack of effective monitoring were the major intensifying factors. CONCLUSION The hospital infection management department should fully consider the influence of the predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors on the hand hygiene behavior of medical staff. By enhancing training, improving hand hygiene facilities, and reinforcing supervision and management, multiple intervention measures can be applied to improve hand hygiene compliance in order to guarantee the safety of both the medical staff and patients.