Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the economic loss of hospitalized patients due to nosocomial infections, define the importance of management of nosocomial infections, and provide scientific basis for maximizing the benefits. METHODS A total of 314 patients who were hospitalized in 9 medical institutions of Fuyang in 2015 were retrospectively extracted, then the 1∶1 conditional matching was carried out for the patients with nosocomial infections and the patients without nosocomial infections according to the factors such as the ages, genders, diagnosis of diseases, infection sites, and hospital stay.The medical cost and length of hospital stay were observed and compared between the case group and the control group by means of paired rank sum test, and the economic loss due to the nosocomial infections was calculated. RESULTS The economic loss due to the nosocomial infections (the median) was 7 129 yuan for each patient, the medial length of hospital stay was increased by 7 days.The departments varied in the increased medical cost, the median economic loss due to the nosocomial infection was 34 707 yuan for each ICU patient, 2 304 yuan for each patient of the internal medicine department, 9 102 yuan for each patient of the surgical department.The majority of the increased costs included the drug costs, treatment costs, nursing fees, examination fees, and bed fees (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION The control of the nosocomial infection can remarkably reduce the medical costs and ease tension of medical resources, and it is extremely favorable to the current reform of medicine and health.