Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the factors for outbreak and prevalence of scabies and improve the ability of identification, investigation, reporting, and emergency disposal of outbreak of nosocomial infections. METHODS In Aug, 2015, an outbreak of nosocomial infections among health care workers and family members was induced by one health care worker with scabies of internal medicine department ICU of a three-A hospital, then the epidemiological survey was conducted for the subjects with infections and the exposure so as to determine the infection sources and transmission routes, and the comprehensive screening, assessment, standardized treatment, and antibiotics prophylaxis were carried out for all of the subjects based on the 'investigating while controlling principle. RESULTS A total of 421 ICU health care workers and family members were enrolled in the study, of whom 39 were infected with scabies, with the infection rate 9.27%; the first case of infection was the infection source, the storing together of the work clothes to cause the cross contamination was the major transmission route. The spread of the infections has been effectively cut off via the implementation of the prevention and control measures, perfection of the reporting procedure of nosocomial infection outbreak, and comprehensive screening, assessment, standardized treatment, and antibiotics prophylaxis. CONCLUSION The scabies are highly infective. It is an effective way to strengthen the awareness of scabies and improve the ability of prevention and control of the infections so as to prevent the spread of the infections.