Abstract: OBJECTIVE To understand the characteristics of nosocomial infections in neurosurgery department patients undergoing surgeries and investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens so as to provide scientific bases for reasonable use of antibiotics and control of the nosocomial infections.METHODS By means of the real-time monitoring information system for nosocomial infections, totally 1877 neurosurgery department patients who received surgeries from Jan 1, 2015 to Dec 31, 2015 were monitored and traced, the cases of nosocomial infections were taken for statistics, and the characteristics of the nosocomial infections were analyzed. RESULTS Of totally 1 877 neurosurgery department patients who were traced, 113 had the nosocomial infections, with the incidence of nosocomial infections 6.02%.Among the patients with nosocomial infections, 45.19% had lower respiratory tract infections, 17.78% had surgical site infections, and 12.59% had catheter-related urinary tract infections.A total of 128 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 113 patients with infections, of which 56.25% were gram-negative bacteria.The drug resistance rates of the Klebsiella pneumoniae to meropenem and imipenem were 14.29%; the drug resistance rates of the Escherichia coli to penicillins, cephalosporins, and quinolones were no less than 60.00%, and the drug susceptibility rates to meropenem and imipenem were 100.00%; the Staphylococcus aureus strains that were resistant to vancomycin, linezolid have not found yet. CONCLUSION The neurosurgery department is a department at high risk of nosocomial infections.The continuous, systematic monitoring of the characteristics of the nosocomial infections, distribution, and drug resistance of the pathogens has great significance in guiding the reasonable clinical use of antibiotics and in effective control of the nosocomial infections.