Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for nosocomial infections in neonatal bathing swimming center and formulate the prevention and control measures so as to ensure the safety of the neonatal bathing and swimming. METHODS A total of 16 432 neonates who lived in mother and infant rooms and bathed and swam from Jun 2013 to May 2015 were recruited as the study objects, 7 419 neonates who bathed and swam from Jun 2013 to May 2014 were chosen as the control group, and 9 013 neonates who bathed and swam from Jun 2014 to May 2015 were assigned as the observation group. The control group was only given the conventional management measure, while the observation group was treated with the prevention and control measures. The incidence of bathing and swimming-related nosocomial infections was compared between the two groups of neonates. The specimens were collected from the air, object surfaces, staffs' hands, and bathing and swimming water so as to conduct the bacterial culture, and the monitoring effects were observed and compared before and after the prevention and control measure were taken. RESULTS The incidence of nosocomial infections was 0.81% in the control group, 0.17% in the observation group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The qualified rates of monitoring of the specimens collected from the air, object surfaces, staffs' hands, and bathing and swimming water were respectively 79.76%, 80.95%, 67.86%, and 72.92% before the prevention and control measures were taken and were respectively 97.62%,100.00%, 95.24%, and 98.96% after the prevention and control measures were taken, the qualified rates of monitoring were remarkably increased after the prevention and control measures were taken, and there was significant difference(P＜0.05). CONCLUSION It is an effective way to improve the environment, increase the allocation, strengthen the management and training of the staff, intensify the supervision and management, and carry out the regular hygienic monitoring so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection and promote the healthy development of the health care program.