Abstract: OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution and drug resistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated from non-sputum specimens of children so as to provide guidance for reasonable clinical use of antibiotics. METHODS From Jan 2011 to Dec 2015, the E.coli strains were isolated from the non-sputum specimens of the children, then the strains were identified by using Phoenix-100 automatic bacterial identification and drug susceptibility system, the MIC was determined, the ESBLs were detected by means of double-disc synergy diffusion method, the AmpC was detected by using three-dimensional test method, and the test results were statistically analyzed with the use of WHONET5.6 software and SPSS20.0 software. RESULTS Totally 3 109 strains of pathogens were isolated from the non-sputum specimens that were obtained from the children in 2011-2015, of which 13.54% (421 strains) were E.coli; the E.coli strains accounted for 52.09% among the Enterobacteriaceae.The E.coli strains were highly resistant to cefotaxime, mezlocillin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, ampicillin, piperacillin, and tetracycline, with the drug resistance rate more than 50.0%; the drug resistance rates to meropenem, imipenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam were less than 10.0%.The drug resistance rates to cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ampicillin, piperacillin, cefaclor, mezlocillin, cefepime, tobramycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam were remarkably increased (P＜0.05).The detection rates of ESBLs and AmpC were increased year by year (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The detection rates of ESBLs and AmpC as well as the drug resistance rate of the E.coli strains isolated from the non-sputum specimens of the children are increased year by year.It is necessary for the hospital to monitor the change of drug resistance and reasonably use antibiotics so as to curb the rapid increase of the drug resistance.