Abstract: OBJECTIVE To carry out the real-time monitoring of the patients of whom the clinical specimens were detected the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in recent three years so as to provide guidance for empirical therapy and infection control. METHODS From Jan 1, 2013 to Dec 31, 2015, the prospective, comprehensive monitoring was carried out by using real-time monitoring system for nosocomial infections so as to determine the healthcare-associated infections, community-associated infections, or colonization. The sources of specimens and species, change of isolation rate, and distribution of infection sites were observed. RESULTS A total of 111 CRE absolute isolates were detected from 2013 to 2015, of which 35 strains were isolated from the healthcare-associated infection cases, 59 strains were isolated from the community-associated infection cases, and 17 strains were colonized isolates. Among the specimen sources obtained, the respiratory tract specimens accounted for 50.45%, the blood specimens accounted for 6.31%, and other aseptic body fluid specimens accounted for 13.51%. Of the major species of the isolated pathogens, 59.46% were Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 25.23% were Escherichia coli. The isolation rate of the CRE strains isolated from the healthcare-associated infection cases ranged between 0.108‰ and 0.224‰ in 2013-2015; the isolation rate of the CRE strains isolated from the community-associated infection cases and colonized cases varied from 0.346‰ to 0.734‰. Of the healthcare-associated and community-associated CRE infection cases, 46.81% had lower respiratory tract infection, 7 had ventilator-associated pneumonia, and 12.77% had abdominal (pelvic cavity) tissue and ascites infection, of whom 9 had the community-associated infection. CONCLUSION The isolation rate of the CRE strains shows an upward trend from 2013 to 2015, and the lower respiratory tract is dominant among the infection sites. It is necessary to evaluate the high risk factors to further reduce the risk of infection and reasonably use antibiotics so as to prevent the emergence of CRE strains.