Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in hemodialysis patients in nephrology department of a tertiary hospital and put forward the control measures so as to provide guidance for clinical prevention and treatment. METHODS The epidemiological survey was conducted for 5 hemodialysis patients with MRSA infection who were treated in the department of nephrology from Aug 11, 2015 to Dec 29, 2015.Totally 241 specimens were collected from the environment, object surfaces, health care workers' hands, and nasal cavity, then the PFGE molecular subtyping was carried out for the isolated MRSA strains, and the intervention measures were taken. RESULTS Totally 4 strains of MRSA that were isolated from the health care workers' hands, nasal cavity, sphygmomanometer, and bed units were homologous to the MRSA strains isolated from the 5 patients.The poor environmental cleaning and disinfection and loose implementation of hand hygiene were the leading causes of the outbreak of MRSA infection.The outbreak of MRSA infection has been effectively controlled by taking the interventions such as the isolation, enhancement of environmental cleaning and disinfection, and most of the health care workers with colonization of MRSA were effectively decolonized. CONCLUSION The outbreak of MRSA infection is associated with the environmental contamination and lower hand hygiene compliance.It is an effective way to carry out the PFGE to identify the outbreak of nosocomial infection as early as possible and strictly implement the measures for isolation, prevention, and control of the multidrug-resistant organisms so as to control the outbreak of nosocomial infection.