Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the economic burden induced by the hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a three-A general hospital. METHODS By means of 1∶2 matched case-control study, the related data of 56 patients who were treated in the hospital from Oct 1, 2012 to Oct 1, 2013 were retrospectively investigated, then the medical costs and length of hospital stay were compared between the infection group and the control group by using paired rank sum test, and the economic loss induced by the nosocomial infection was calculated. RESULTS The median length of hospital stay was 37.5 days in the infection group, 17 days in the control group(Z=-5.330,P<0.01), and the length of hospital stay was extended by 20.5 days. The median medical cost was 138 930.33 yuan in the infection group, 21 225.66 yuan in the control group, with increase of 117 704.67 yuan for each case (Z=-6.31,P<0.01). The daily median medical cost was 3 466.85 yuan in the infection group during the hospital stay, 1 312.78 yuan in the control group, with the increase of daily medical cost 2 154.08 yuan (Z=-5.31,P<0.01). The median lost income was 4 398.75 yuan in the infection group, 1 994.10 yuan in the control group, with the increase of 2 404.65 yuan (Z=-5.33,P<0.01). CONCLUSION The hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by the carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii can remarkably increase the medical costs and extend the length of hospital stay. The control of nosocomial infection may bring tremendous social and economic profits.