Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of real-time monitoring system for nosocomial infections on reduction of missing report rate of nosocomial infection cases. METHODS By means of the real-time monitoring system for nosocomial infection, the statistical analysis of the missing report rate of patients with infections was performed for 177 059 patients who were hospitalized from Jan 2013 to Dec 2015. RESULTS Of totally 177 059 patients who were hospitalized from Jan 2013 to Dec 2015, 2 496 (2 818 case-times) patients had nosocomial infections, with the incidence of nosocomial infection 1.41%; totally 374 cases were missed to report, with the missing report rate 14.98%, of whom 46.25% had upper respiratory tract infection, 12.38% had blood infection, and 12.11% had urinary tract infection. CONCLUSION The use of the real-time monitoring system for nosocomial infections may facilitate the timely discovery of the nosocomial infection cases and underreporting cases, supervise the clinicians, and initiate the network report so as to reduce the missing report rate.