Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical effect of mild or moderate upper respiratory tract infection on the complication rate and body stress of children with general anesthesia, so as to provide reference and basis for clinical research and clinical practice operations. METHODS A total of 112 cases of children with surgery in our hospital from Jan. 2012 to Jan. 2014 were chosen. According to whether or not with mild or moderate upper respiratory tract infection, the patients were divided into infection group and non-infection group, with 56 cases in each group. The clinical indicators were observed and compared. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0. RESULTS The incidence of phlegm, cough, breath, and fever of infection group were 48.21%, 41.07%, 12.50% and 28.57%, respectively, which was higher than those of non-infected group, and the differences were significant (P＜0.05). The PCT, CRP and IL-6 levels of infection group were (2.02±1.04) μg/L, (15.11±2.92) mg/L and (56.83±7.32) pg/mL, which were all higher than those of non-infected group, and the differences were significant (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The mild or moderate upper respiratory infections can increase the incidence of complications of general anesthesia in children, and lead to abnormal phenomenon of inflammatory cytokines and stress indicators. The monitoring for inflammatory cytokines and stress indicators can forecast the incidence of mild or moderate respiratory tract infection and disease progress.