Abstract: OBJECTIVE To discuss the levels and clinical significances of cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with severe pneumonia, so as to provide references for clinical treatment. METHODS A total of 93 cases of patients with severe pneumonia from Jan. 2014 to Jun. 2015 were selected as research subjects. The levels of cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with different conditions and different outcome were compared. RESULTS The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 of patients with improvement had no significant difference with those of the patients with the worse at the same time. With the extension of treatment time, levels of cytokines in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid decreased apparently, and on the 7th day, levels of cytokines were lower than those on the first day(P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with severe pneumonia can reflect the severity of disease at the beginning of the disease, and the levels of IL-8 and IL-10 are associated with the prognosis of patients.