Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between Groel1 protein and iNOS in peripheral blood and culture macrophages in patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, so as to provide references for clinical treatment. METHODS A total of 9 cases of patients with tuberculosis latent infection and 14 cases of tuberculosis patients from Jun.2015 to Nov.2015 were selected. The peripheral blood and culture macrophages of patients were extracted, and the levels of Groel1 and iNOS in serums and macrophage suspensions were detected by ELISA method. RESULTS There were positive correlations between Groel1 protein and iNOS in peripheral blood of tuberculosis latent infection patients and tuberculosis patients, and the correlation coefficients were 0.899 and 0.804.There were no differences of the levels of Groel1 and iNOS between serum and macrophage culture suspension tuberculosis bacterium smear positive and negative, and active and inactive tuberculosis patients. CONCLUSION Groel1 protein and iNOS may be involved in the interaction between macrophages and M. tuberculosis. The levels of Groel1 and iNOS in peripheral blood can't be used as staging diagnosis indicators for M. tuberculosis infection patients.