Abstract: OBJECTIVE To discuss changes and clinical significances of serum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels in patients with cholelithiasis and biliary tract infection, so as to provide references for clinical treatment. METHODS A total of 100 cholelithiasis patients in the hospital prepared to be treated by surgery from Oct. 2014 to Oct. 2015 were selected. Bile bacteria were taken for culture during the surgery, and of the levels of serum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α before operation and 3 days after operation were detected. RESULTS Totally 83 cases of bile cultured out pathogens, with the infection rate of 83.00%. There were 89 strains of pathogens, which were mainly 56 strains of gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 62.92%. Three days after operation, the levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-αwere lower than those before operation, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Cholelithiasis and biliary tract infection can increase the levels of serum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, surgical treatment is beneficial to the infection relief, and preoperative detection of the levels of serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α had predictive value for the presence of biliary tract infection.