Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the severe brain injury in patients with tracheotomy breathing circuit during treatment to control infection. To investigate the effect of breathing circuit on the control of infection during tracheotomy in patients with severe brain injury, so as to provide references for clinical treatment. METHODS Clinical data of 75 patients with severe brain injury after trachea incision without breathing device in our hospital from Jun. 2014 to Mar. 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, including observation group with 40 cases of patients with hyperbaric oxygen treatment by breathing circuit connection device , and control group with 35 cases of patients with oxygen tube oxygen therapy at normal pressure . The reduction of infection and tracheal extubation were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The infection control rate of observation group was 62.5%, which was significantly higher than 34.3% of control group. The body temperature returned to normal time, breath sounds clear time, cough and expectoration improvement time and the ratio of leukocyte and neutrophil returned to normal time of observation group were significantly shorter than those of control group. The tracheal extubation rates after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of treatment and 2 months after tracheotomy were significantly higher in observation group than those in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Hyperbaric oxygen therapy by breathing circuit connection device can effectively control the infection in patients with severe brain injury with tracheotomy, and promote the rehabilitation of patients.