Abstract: OBJECTIVE To evaluation the effect of hazard vulnerability analysis (HVA) risk management on infection prevention and control of intensive care unit(ICU), so as to provide references for clinical treatment. METHODS HVA risk assessment method was used to screen priority improvement projects of hospital infection related events of ICU in the hospital, assess the relative risk of the risk factors, and selective intervention was carried out according to the "2~8 principles". July to December of the second half of 2015 was set as pre-intervention group, the first half of 2016 was set as post-intervention group, and they were compared. RESULTS Before the intervention, the occurrence rates of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) were 0.24%, 3.54%, 1.42%, and 1.89%, respectively, and the incidence rate of VAP was 9.56‰. After the intervention, the occurrence rate of CRE, CRAB, CRPA, and MRSA were 0.55%, 2.74%, 0.82%, and 1.37%, respectively, and the occurrence rate of VAP was 7.94‰. χ² test showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of CRE, and the other differences were significant (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The HVA risk management has a significant effect on the prevention and control of infection in ICU. However, the prevention and control of the CRE should be further explored and improved.