Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes of pulmonary surfactant proteins and inflammatory mediator levels in serum and lavage fluid in neonatal infectious pneumonia, so as to provide references for clinical treatment. METHODS A total of 160 neonatal infectious pneumonia cases from May 2014 to Dec. 2015 in our hospital were selected as study group, and 120 non-infectious diseases neonates in neonatal intensive care unit in our hospital were selected as control group. The levels of pulmonary surfactant proteins, including SP-A, SP-B and SP-C, and inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-6 in serum and lavage fluid of the children patients in the two groups were compared and analyzed. RESULTS Compared with control group, the levels of pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-B in serum of children patients with neonatal infectious pneumonia in study group were decreased significantly, and the levels of pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-B and SP-C in lavage fluid were decreased significantly; the levels of inflammatory mediators TNF-α in serum was increased significantly, IL-4 and IL-6 were decreased significantly, and the levels of inflammatory mediators TNF-α in lavage fluid was increased significantly, IL-6 was decreased significantly (P＜0.05). Compared with before treatment, the levels of pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-B in serum of children patients with neonatal infectious pneumonia in study group after treatment were increased significantly, and the levels of pulmonary surfactant proteins SP-A, SP-B and SP-C in lavage fluid were increased significantly; the levels of inflammatory mediators TNF-α in serum was decreased significantly, IL-4 and IL-6 were increased significantly, and the levels of inflammatory mediators TNF-α in lavage fluid was decreased significantly, IL-6 was increased significantly (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION Detection of pulmonary surfactant proteins and inflammatory mediators in serum and lavage fluid has a supporting role on the choice of clinical treatment programs for neonatal infectious pneumonia.