Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on perioperative serum interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) levels in patients with sepsis. METHODS A total of 94 cases of sepsis patients required surgery in hospital from Jan. 2014 to Dec. 2015 were selected as research subjects, and were divided into dexmedetomidine group and control group, with 47 cases in each group. Patients in dexmedetomidine group were given dexmedetomidine during anesthesia, and in control group were given same amount of saline. The serum IL-10, IL-6, TNF-αand HMGB1 levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The serum IL-10 levels in two groups of patients at the end of surgery and 24h after surgery were higher than those before induction of anesthesia and 1h before surgery (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the serum IL 10 level in dexmedetomidine group at the end of surgery and 24 h after surgery were significantly higher (P<0.05). The serum IL-6, TNF-α and HMGB1 levels in the two groups of patients at the end of surgery and 24h after surgery were higher than those before induction of anesthesia and 1h before surgery (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the serum IL-6, TNF-α and HMGB1 levels in dexmedetomidine group at the end of surgery and 24h after surgery were significantly lower (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Perioperative serum IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α and HMGB1 levels of sepsis patients are increased, and dexmedetomidine can reduce serum IL-6, TNF-α and HMGB1 levels, and increase serum IL- 10 level.