Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic value of procalcitionin (PCT), activin-A and other biological indicators in the patients with acute leukemia during granulocyte deficiency phase after chemotherapy. METHODS From Jan. 2013 to Jan. 2016, 112 patients with acute leukemia during granulocyte deficiency phase after chemotherapy were enrolled in this prospective study, and all patients were divided into infection group (n=64) and non-infection group (n=48) according to whether the occurrence of infection. The serum biological indicatorsPCT, C reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), activin-A, and neutrophils (NE) of the two groups were compared, and their clinical values in the diagnosis of patients with infection were analyzed as well. RESULTS The levels of PCT and CRP were respectively (2.36±1.12) ng/ml and (41.39±20.52) mg/L in infection group, which were significantly higher than (0.28±0.16) ng/ml and (6.52±2.96) mg/L in non-infection group (P<0.05). The levels of SAA and activin-A were respectively (274.00±112.66) mg/L and (0.45±0.20) ng/ml in infection group, which were significantly higher than (77.46±25.57) mg/L and (0.22±0.07) ng/ml in non-infection group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of NE between the two groups. The areas under the curve of PCT, CRP, SAA, Activin-A and NE in predicting the patients with infection were 0.937, 0.859, 0.893, 0.830 and 0.573, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that elevated levels of PCT, CRP, SAA, and Activin-A were risk factors for infection in patients (P<0.05). CONCLUSION PCT, CRP, SAA and activin-A have better predictive values in patients with acute leukemia during granulocyte deficiency phase after chemotherapy.