Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of serum pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors in patients with open fracture infection so as to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the open fracture infection. METHODS A total of 100 patients with open fracture who were treated in hospitals from Aug 2014 to Aug 2015 were chosen as the fracture group, meanwhile, 50 healthy people who received physical examination were set as the control group. The blood was drawn from the fracture group on the day after admission and from the control group when they received the physical examination so as to detect the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleulin-10 (IL-10), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I(sTNF-RI). RESULTS Totally 21 patients had infection in the fracture group, with the infection rate 21.00%. A total of 20 strains of pathogens were isolated, including 12 (60.00%) strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 5 (25.00%) strains of Escherichia coli, 2 (10.00%) strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 1 (5.00%) strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae; the wound secretions that were collected from the fracture group were cultured. The levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and sTNF-RI of the fracture group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05); the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-10, and sTNF-RI of the patients with fracture infection were respectively (35.45±5.71)ng/L, (42.65±7.89)ng/L, (56.11±13.54)pg/ml, (71.83±15.40)μg/L, and (3983.55±945.71)ng/L, higher than (14.45±3.56)ng/L, (22.43±4.67)ng/L, (30.32±5.21)pg/ml,(50.15±11.01)μg/L, and (2168.61±480.32)ng/L of the patients without fracture infection, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The levels of expression of serum pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors are remarkably elevated in the patients with open fracture, and the fracture infection may aggravate the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response.