Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of major gram-negative bacteria existed on the surface of the wound in orthopaedics inpatients and burn inpatients, so as to provide some references for rational use of antibiotics in clinic. METHODS Statistical analysis about the bacteria from the wound secreta of orthopaedics inpatients and burn inpatients during 2011-2015 and their drug resistance were carried out. RESULTS The gram-negative bacteria isolated from the surface of the wound during 2011-2015 were 691 strains from orthopaedics inpatients, and 200 strains from burn inpatients. For orthopaedics department, the top 4 pathogenic bacteria were E. cloacae, A. baumanii, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia, accounting for 19.97%,19.54%,17.08% and 8.39%, respectively. For burn department, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, E. cloacae and K. pneumonia accounted 26.50%,15.50%,11.00% and 10.50% and ranked in top 4 respectively. The resistant rates of P. aeruginosa to 15 antibiotics in burn department were all higher than those in orthopaedics department. Among 15 antibiotics, there were great differences on resistance rates to 11 (P<0.05) except levofloxacin, ticarcillin, aztreonam and polymyxin E. There were significant differences on resistance rates to imipenem and meropenem (P<0.001). Among the resistant rates of A. baumanii to 21 antibiotics in orthopaedics department and burn department, 20 had no significant difference, while the resistant rate to tetracycline was higher in burn department than that in orthopaedics department obviously (P=0.028). The resistant rates of E. cloacae to 26 antibiotics had no significant difference between orthopaedics department and burn department. Among the resistant rates of K. pneumoniae to 26 antibiotics in orthopaedics department and burn department, 23 had no significant difference, while the resistant rates to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin and cefuroxime were higher in burn department than those in orthopaedics department obviously (P<0.05). CONCLUSION There are no significant difference on major species of gram-negative bacteria and constituent ratio from the surface of the wound in orthopaedics inpatients and burn inpatients. In general, the resistant rates of major gram-negative bacteria were higher in burn department than those in orthopaedics department, especially P. aeruginosa. Antibiotics should be rationally chosen in clinical practice.