Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors and effective prevention strategies of nosocomial infections after cholecystectomy, so as to reduce the nosocomial infection rate. METHODS A total of 200 cases of hospitalized patients after cholecystectomy admitted to our hospital from Jan. 2015 to Mar. 2016 were selected. The patients' own indicators and surgery related indicators were observed. The nosocomial infection rate of the patients after operation was statistically studied, and the pathogens were detected in the patients with postoperative infections. The risk factors of nosocomial infections in patients were analyzed, and the feasible preventive measures were explored. RESULTS Among 200 cases of patients after cholecystectomy, 13 cases had postoperative infections, with the infection rate of 6.50%. The pathogenic analysis showed that 46 strains of pathogenic bacteria were obtained from the culture of the patients' secretions, including 16 strains of gram-positive bacteria, 27 strains of gram-negative bacteria, 3 strains of fungi, accounting for 34.78%, 58.70% and 6.52%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between age, genders, other indicators of their own and intraoperative blood loss and perioperative use of antibiotics and postoperative infections. But the operation time more than 90min, laparotomy, emergency surgery, intraoperative exploration of common bile duct and rupture of the gallbladder were the risk factors of postoperative infections. The multiple regression analysis showed that operation time, operation mode, timing of operation and intraoperative exploration of common bile duct and occurrence of gallbladder rupture were independent risk factors of postoperative infections. CONCLUSION The factors that lead to the occurrence of postoperative infection in patients with cholecystectomy were mainly the long operation time, open surgery, emergency surgery, intraoperative exploration of common bile duct and occurrence of gallbladder rupture. The patients own factors have little influence on the infection. Therefore, it is expected to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection in the patients with prevention of targeted risk factors the operation.