Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from chronic heart failure patients complicated with pulmonary infection so as to provide guidance for reasonable clinical use of antibiotics. METHODS A total of 72 chronic heart failure patients complicated with pulmonary infection who were treated in the hospital from May 2014 to May 2015 were enrolled in the study. The distribution of the pathogens causing the infection was analyzed, and the result of drug susceptibility testing was observed. RESULTS Totally 91 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 72 patients, including 55 (60.4%) strains of gram-negative bacteria, 34 (37.4%) strains of gram-positive bacteria, and 2 (2.2%) strains of fungi. The gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to aminoglycosides, quinolones, and third generation cephalosporins; the drug resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to streptomycin were as high as 100.0%. The drug resistance rates of A.baumannii and P.aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin were 100.0%. The drug resistance rates of Escherichia coli, A.baumannii, and P.aeruginosa to ceftriaxone were as high as 100.0%; however, the strains remained highly susceptible to meropenem, imipenem, amikacin, and cefoperazone-sulbactam. The drug resistance rate of the E.coli to meropenem and imipenem was 3.6%; the drug resistance rate to amikacin and cefoperazone-sulbactam was 7.1%. The drug resistance rate of the K.pneumoniae to meropenem and imipenem was 13.3%; the drug resistance rates to amikacin and cefoperazone-sulbactam were 26.7% and 20.0%, respectively.The gram-positive bacteria were generally resistant to penicillin and clindamycin; the drug resistance rates of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin G were 80.0%, the drug resistance rates to clindamycin were 100.0%, however, the strains remained highly susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and rifampicin. The drug resistance rates of the Enterococcus to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and rifampicin were 0.5%, 1.0%, and 30.0%, respectively; the drug resistance rates of the S.aureus to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and rifampicin were 11.1%, 11.1%, and 1.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION The gram-negative bacteria are dominant among the pathogens isolated from the chronic heart failure patients complicated with pulmonary infection. Meropenem, imipenem, amikacin, and cefoperazone-sulbactam remain susceptible to the strains, which provides guidance for clinical use of antibiotics.