Abstract: OBJECTIVE To study the related factors of nosocomial infection in hepatopancreatic laparotomy, in order to master the characteristics of nosocomial infection and the distribution of pathogens and drug resistance and infection-related indexes, so as to reduce the nosocomial infection rate and promote the early recovery of patients. METHODS A total of 45 patients with hospital infection and open surgery in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery in our hospital from Jul. 2015 to Aug. 2016 were selected as observation group,45 patients without infection and with open surgery at the same time were selected as control group,then the infection sites and pathogenic bacteria distribution of observation group were analyzed,and the body infection related indexes of two groups were compared, while the test results of observation group with different infection sites were compared. RESULTS The operative incision was the main infection site of observation group,with the infection rate of 60.00%,and it was obviously higher than 22.22% of pulmonary infection,8.89% of urinary infection,4.44% of digestive tract infection and 4.44% of other sites infection. Totally 47 strains of pathogens were isolated in observation group, including 37 strains of gram-negative bacteria and 10 strains of gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 78.72% and 21.28%. The main gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, and the main gram-positive bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus. The serum expression levels of body infection related indexes(PCT,hs-CRP,IL-6 and IL-8)of observation group were obviously higher than those of control group,and the detection results of observation group with different infection sites had obvious differences too,and the differences were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05). CONCLUSION The operative incision is the main hospital infection site of patients with open surgery in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery,the gram-negative bacteria is the mainly pathogenic bacteria,and the body infection related indexes is highly expressed state,so the patients should be paid to more monitoring and intervention.