Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma after operation, so as to provide effective guidance for the control of nosocomial infection. METHODS A total of 100 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma underwent surgical treatment were collected, and their basic information were statistically analyzed by the hospital-made questionnaire, including age, gender, blood glucose level, with or without antibacterial drugs, drainage tube indwelling and drainage time. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors of postoperative nosocomial infection in patients with the disease. RESULTS Among the 100 cases, 12 cases of patients occurred nosocomial infection, with the infection rate of 12%. The infection rates of patients with age ≥60 years(16.67%), blood glucose level≥6.2 mmol/L(23.81%), with indwelling drainage tube(20.59%), and drainage time＞3 days were significantly higher than those of age ＜60 years(6.52%), blood glucose level＜6.1 mmol/L, without indwelling drainage tube(7.58%) and drainage time≤3 days, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). It was indicated that the incidence of nosocomial infection in patients was related to older age, higher blood glucose level, indwelling drainage tube and long drainage time. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age≥ 60 years (OR=0.51, P<0.05), the blood glucose level ≥ 6.2 mmol/L (OR=0.25, P<0.05), drainage tube indwelling (OR=0.59, P<0.05) and drainage time ＞ 3 days (OR=1.40, P<0.05) were independent risk factors of nosocomial infection for patients after surgery. CONCLUSION There are many risk factors of nosocomial infection in patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma after operation, and the corresponding intervention measures should be taken to reduce the nosocomial infection.