Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the pathogenic bacteria distribution and their drug resistance of bacterial infections of blood diseases in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, so as to provide guidance for the prevention and control of bacterial infections. METHODS A total of 612 cases of patients with hematological diseases of bacterial infection from Apr. 2012 to Mar. 2016 in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected, and totally 648 specimens of positive bacteria were collected. The source of specimens, distribution of the strains and drug resistance of different strains to the commonly used antimicrobials were statistically analyzed. SPSS19.0 software were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS In the 648 positive strains, 421 were gained from the blood specimens, accounting for 64.97%, followed by 91 cases of sputum (14.04%), and purulent secretions, catheter end, urine, and chest / ascites sources were less than 10%. Totally 648 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected, 213 (32.87%) strains were gram-positive bacteria, mainly were coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and 435 strains were gram-negative bacteria, mainly were Escherichia coli. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci had a high drug resistance to penicillin G, erythromycin and oxacillin, but was sensitive to vancomycin. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest drug resistant rate to penicillin G, which was 96.43%, and had some resistance to erythromycin and oxacillin, but no resistance to vancomycin. The drug resistant rates of Streptococcus to erythromycin and clindamycin were 96.15% and 76.92%, but were 0 to penicillin G, oxacillin, levofloxacin and vancomycin. The resistant rate of Enterococcus faecium to penicillin G reached to 100.00%, and a higher rate to oxacillin and erythromycin, but not to moxifloxacin and vancomycin. The resistant rates of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ampicillin were all above 80.00%, the resistant rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to nitrofurantoin reached 81.48%, and main gram-positive bacteria had low resistant rates to amikacin. CONCLUSION Hematological patients have higher risk of bacterial infection, and blood infection is the most common way. Pathogens have strong resistance to many common antibacterial drugs. Clinically, appropriate antimicrobial agents should be selected according to the results of bacterial culture.