Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of tracheal intubation with general anesthesia on postoperative respiratory tract infection in patients, so as to provide a guidance for the clinical prevention of postoperative respiratory infection. METHODS A total of 5166 patients of tracheal intubation with general anesthesia in our hospital from Jan. 2014 to Jun. 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, and the proportion of respiratory tract infection, pathogen distribution and drug resistance of main pathogens were statistically analyzed. The gender, age, surgical site, anesthesia ventilation time, postoperative extubation delay, intubation proficiency and extubation indications suitabitity of patients were analyzed, to determine the relevant effects of postoperative respiratory tract infection in patients with tracheal intubation general anesthesia. RESULTS Totally 196 patients had respiratory tract infection in 5166 patients, and the infection rate was 3.8%. A total of 224 cases of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, including 168 cases of patients with single infection, and 28 patients with mixed infection, among which 165 strains were gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 73.7%, 54 strains were gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 24.1%, and 5 strains were fungi, accounting for 2.2%. Among gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, had higher drug resistant rates to gentamicin, cefepime, amoxicillin, and norfloxacin, and was very sensitive to imipenem and meropenem, with the resistant rates of 0%; The resistant rates of Escherichia coli to gentamicin, cefepime and norfloxacin were higher, and to amikacin, imipenem and meropenem were lower. Among gram-positive bacteria, the drug resistant rates of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone and cefazolin were higher, and to benzylcacillin and vancomycin were 0%; The drug resistant rates of Staphylococcus epidermidis to penicillin, amoxicillin, and ceftriaxone were higher, to clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, benxacillin and vancomycin were lower.The rates of respiratory tract infection in patients with different ages, surgical sites, anesthesia ventilation time, postoperative extubation delay, intubation proficiency and extubation indications suitabitity were statistically different. CONCLUSION Appropriate intervention on risk factors of respiratory tract infections should be carried out in patients with tracheal intubation general anesthesia, to reduce the incidence of infection. For respiratory tract infected patients, reasonable antibiotic treatment should be given combined with pathogen susceptibility testing.