Abstract: OBJECTIVE To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in children with lower respiratory tract infection, so as to provide objective basis for the formulation of effective clinical treatments. METHODS A total of 315 cases of children with lower respiratory tract infection from Jul. 2015 to Jul. 2016 were selected as research subjects. The distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the respiratory tract secretions of children were observed and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 158 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, and the gram negative bacteria, gram positive bacteria and fungi accounted for 70.9%, 23.4%, and 5.7%, respectively. The main gram negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, accounting for 21.5%, 19%, and 13.3% respectively. The main gram positive bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, accounting for 9.5%, 8.2% and 3.8% respectively. The drug resistant rates of P. aeruginosa to ampicillin, tetracycline, ceftazidime, and gentamicin were higher, which were all more than 60.0%. The drug resistant rates of E. coli to ampicillin, cefazolin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, and tetracycline were higher, which were all more than 80%. The drug resistant rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefazolin, and ceftazidime were higher, which were all more than 60%. The three kinds of main gram negative bacteria were sensitive to imipenem, amikacin, and cefoperazone/sulbactam, and the drug resistant rates were all less than 30%. No strains of such three kinds of main gram positive bacteria resistant to vancomycin and nitrofurantoin were isolated. CONCLUSION The distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in children with lower respiratory tract infection have certain characteristics. The clinicians should employ closely monitoring and select sensitive antimicrobial agents in the treatment.