Abstract: OBJECTIV To explore the prevalence of urinary system infections in diabetic mellitus patients receiving physical examination so as to provide guidance for prevention and treatment of urinary system infections in the diabetic mellitus patients. METHODS From Jan 2013 to Mar 2016, a total of 538 patients with diabetic mellitus who were eligible for enrollment were recruited as the study objects. The incidence of urinary system infections and distribution of pathogens were observed. RESULTS Of the 538 patients with diabetic mellitus, 58 were cultured positive for pathogens, with the infection rate 10.78%. Totally 62 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 58 patients with urinary system infections, including 37 (59.68%) strains of gram-negative bacilli, 21 (33.87%) strains of gram-positive cocci, and 4 (6.45%) strains of fungi. The drug resistance rate of Escherichia coli strains to ampicillin, ceftazidime, and cefuroxime was more than 65%; the drug resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains to ampicillin, cefuroxime, piperacillin, and cefotaxime was more than 65%; the drug resistance rate of Proteus mirabilis strains to ampicillin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, and cefotaxime was more than 65%. 100% of the E.coli, K.pneumoniae, and P.mirabilis strains were susceptible to imipenem, and the drug resistance rate to cefoperazone-sulbactam was no more than 25%. Among the gram-positive bacteria, the drug resistance rates of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus to penicillin and erythromycin were more than 70%, however, the drug susceptibility rate to vancomycin was 100%. Candida albicans strains were susceptible to fluconazole, amphotericin B, nystatin, itraconazole, and ketoconazole. CONCLUSION The patients with diabetic mellitus may tend to have urinary system infection, and the pathogens are highly resistant to antibiotics, therefore, it is necessary to reasonably use antibiotics based on the drug susceptibility testing.