Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of quality control circle (QCC) on improving the pathogen detection rate before the therapeutic use of antibacterial drugs in surgical inpatients. METHODS From Apr. 2015 to Dec. 2015, using QCC management method, through the steps of selecting the subject, drafting the plan, grasping the present situation, setting the target, analyzing the reasons, developing the countermeasures, implementing the countermeasures, confirming the effect and standardizing, the main factors influencing of the detection rate were analyzed, and targeted measures to implement process improvement were formulated. The pathogen detection rate before the therapeutic use of antibacterial drugs in surgical inpatients before and after using QCC were compared. RESULTS Through the QCC activity, the pathogen detection rate before the therapeutic use of antibacterial drugs in surgical inpatients was increased from 13.33% before the activity to 27.02% (short-term goal) and 33.74% after the activity(long-term goal). CONCLUSION Implementation of QCC activities can effectively improve the pathogen detection rate before the therapeutic use of antibacterial drugs in surgical inpatients, and achieve good results.