Abstract: OBJECTIV To investigate the distribution of pathogens causing nosocomial infections in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and analyze the relationship between the use of antibiotics and emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) so as to provide guidance for clinical prevention of emergence of MDROs. METHODS A total of 164 patients who were hospitalized the ICU from Jan 2015 to Jun 2016 and were complicated with nosocomial infections were enrolled in the study, then the distribution of pathogens was retrospectively analyzed. The relationship between the intensity of use of antibiotics, utilization rate of antibiotics, and emergence of MDROs of the patients with MDROs infections and the patients with non-MDROs infections were observed. RESULTS Of totally 1878 patients who were hospitalized the ICU during the study period, 164 had nosocomial infections, with the infection rate 8.73%. Among the pathogens causing the infection, 71.23% were isolated from lower respiratory tract, 6.98% from blood, 6.98% from purulent or necrotic tissue, 1.55% from urine. The top 5 species of pathogens causing the infection were as the following: Acinetobacter baumannii (30.17%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.36%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.05%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.16%), Escherichia coli (8.68%). There was no significant difference in the age or gender between the MDROs infection group and the non-MDROs infection group. The intensity of use of antibiotics was positively correlated with the incidence rate of MDROs infection (y=0.3511x+11.745 r = 0.6248). CONCLUSION The intensity of use of antibiotics is a key factor for emergence of the MDROs. It is necessary for the hospital to reasonably use antibiotics so as to prevent the emergence of drug-resistant strains.