Abstract: OBJECTIV To observe the effect of cefuroxime sodium on prevention and control of postoperative intraocular infections in cataract patients so as to provide guidance for clinical use of antibiotics. METHODS Totally 54 cataract patients who received surgical procedures in department of ophthalmology from May 2010 to Apr 2013 were chosen as the control group and were given routine therapies for prevention of infections; totally 55 cataract patients who received surgical procedures in department of ophthalmology from May 2013 to Apr 2016 were assigned as the observation group and were treated with postoperative intracameral injection of cefuroxime sodium on the basis of the treatment of the control group. The vision and incidence rates of adverse reactions (corneal edema, hyphema, anterior chamber cellulose reaction ) after the surgery for two weeks, incidence of postoperative intraocular infection, and distribution of pathogens were observed and compared between the two groups of patients. RESULTS The postoperative vision of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01). The total incidence rate of postoperative adverse reactions of the observation group was 1.82%, significantly lower than 9.26% of the control group (P<0.01). The incidence rate of postoperative intraocular infection of the observation group was 0, significantly lower than 3.70% (2 cases) of the control group (P<0.01). Totally 3 strains of pathogens were isolated from the patients with infection in the control group, of which 1 was gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), and 2 were gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus ). There was no significant difference in the distribution of pathogens between the observation group and the control group. CONCLUSION The intracameral injection of cefuroxime sodium may reduce the incidence rates of postoperative adverse reactions and intraocular infection, it can be used for prevention and control of the postoperative intraocular infection in the cataract patients.