Abstract: OBJECTIV To explore the influence of anti-syphilis treatment timing for pregnant women with syphilis on syphilis infection in neonates so as to provide guidance for prevention and treatment of congenital syphilis. METHODS A total of 100 pregnant women with gestational syphilis who were treated from Jan 2014 to Jun 2015 were enrolled in the study and divided into the early stage group (no more than 20 weeks of gestation, 63 cases ) and the late stage group (more than 20 weeks of gestation, 37 cases) according to the treatment timing, all of the enrolled pregnant women were treated with benzathine penicillin, and the pregnancy outcomes and prognosis of neonates were observed. RESULTS There were 2 cases of abortion and 2 cases of premature delivery in the early stage group; there were 2 cases of abortion and 7 cases of premature delivery in the late stage group; the rate of poor prognosis was 6.35% in the early stage group, 24.32% in the late stage group; the rate of full-term delivery was 93.65% in the early stage group, 85.68% in the late stage group, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). There were 4 (6.35%) neonates with neonatal asphyxia, 4 (6.35%) cases of low birth weight, and 2 (3.17%) cases of syphilis infection in the early stage group, and there were 8 (21.62%) neonates with neonatal asphyxia, 9 (24.32%) cases of low birth weight, and 8 (21.62%) cases of syphilis infection in the late stage group (P<0.05). There was no neonate with syphilis infection who was given birth by the pregnant women with RPR titer less than 1:8 and 2 (3.17%) neonates with syphilis infection who were given birth by the pregnant women with the RPR titer no less than 1:8 in the early stage group; there was 1 (2.70%) neonate with syphilis infection who was given birth by the pregnant women with RPR titer less than 1:8 and 7 (18.92%) neonates with syphilis infection who were given birth by the pregnant women with the RPR titer no less than 1:8 in the early stage group; there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of syphilis infection in the neonates who were given birth by the pregnant women with RPR titer less than 1:8 between the two groups; there was significant difference in the incidence rate of syphilis infection in the neonates who were given birth by the pregnant women with RPR titer no less than 1:8 between the two groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The earlier the pregnant women with syphilis are treated, the lower the incidence rate of syphilis infection is in the neonates, the better the pregnancy outcomes and neonatal prognosis are.