Abstract: OBJECTIV To investigate the risk factors for postoperative pulmonary infections in patients with craniocerebral trauma and analyze the drug susceptibility of pathogens so as to provide guidance for clinical treatment. METHODS A total of 168 patients with craniocerebral trauma who were treated in the hospital from Jan 2015 to Jan 2016 were enrolled in the study, then the prevalence of pulmonary infection was investigated, the clinical data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed, and the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogens causing the infection were detected. RESULTS Of the 168 patients with craniocerebral trauma, 63 had postoperative pulmonary infection, with the infection rate 37.50%. The comparative analysis of the related clinical data of the patients showed that the influencing factors for the postoperative pulmonary infection in the patients with craniocerebral trauma included the ages, types of complicated disease, use of antibiotics, coma, use of ventilator, tracheotomy, length of hospital stay, and injury mode (P<0.05). Totally 88 strains of pathogens were isolated from 63 craniocerebral trauma patients with postoperative pulmonary infection, of which 75.00% (66 strains) were gram-negative bacteria. The drug resistance rate of the isolated gram-negative bacteria to imipenem was 0%, and the drug resistance rate to ampicillin and piperacillin was 100.00%. The drug resistance rate of gram-positive bacteria to ciprofloxacin was 0%, and the drug resistance rate to clavulanic acid and erythromycin was 100.00%. CONCLUSION The independent risk factors for the postoperative pulmonary infections in the patients include the age, coma, use of ventilator, tracheotomy, and length of hospital stay. It is necessary for the hospital to take targeted treatment measures based on the patients' condition and result of culture of pathogens, as well as result of drug susceptibility testing.