Abstract: OBJECTIV To explore the indications for perioperative antibiotics prophylaxis for patients undergoing gynecological aseptic surgeries so as to provide guidance for standardizing the antibiotics prophylaxis during perioperative periods of gynecological aseptic surgeries. METHODS A total of 1 057 patients who underwent the gynecological aseptic surgeries (excluding the cases of infections diagnosed before surgeries) from Mar 2013 to Feb 2015 were enrolled in the study.By means of retrospective surgery combined with call-back, the enrolled patients were divided into the with other factors group and the without other factors group according to the status of complication with other factors (no less than 65 years of age, operation duration no less than 3 hours, volume of hemoperitoneum or intraoperative blood loss more than 1500 ml, diabetes, no less than 2 of surgical sites, pelvic adhesion, after treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation and vaginitis).The incidence of surgical sites infection (SSI) was observed and compared between the patients who were treated with antibiotics prophylaxis and those who were not. RESULTS The incidence rate of SSI was 0.76% among the 1 057 patients undergoing the gynecological surgeries, 0.50% among the 397 patients in the without other factors groups, 0.91% among the 660 patients in the with other factors group.In the without other factors group, the incidence rate of SSI was 0.68% in the patients who were not treated with antibiotics prophylaxis, 0.40% in the patients who were treated with antibiotics prophylaxis, and there was no significant difference.In the with other factors group, the incidence rate of SSI was 0.85% in the patients who were not treated with antibiotics prophylaxis, 0.98% in the patients who were treated with antibiotics prophylaxis, and three was no significant difference. CONCLUSION The gynecological aseptic surgery patients without complication of other factors usually do not need the antibiotics prophylaxis during the perioperative period, the perioperative antibiotics prophylaxis has little effect on the gynecological aseptic surgery patients with complication of other factors.It is crucial to actively take interventions and conduct the corrective treatment before the surgeries as well as fully implement the comprehensive prevention measures of SSI.