Abstract: OBJECTIV To observe the characteristics of nosocomial infections in neonates of intensive care unit (ICU) and analyze the risk factors so as to control the nosocomial infection in the neonates of ICU and improve the medical quality. METHODS A total of 1 135 neonates who were treated in ICU from Jan 2012 to Feb 2016 were enrolled in the study, of whom 95 had the infection.The baseline data of the two categories of neonates, including body weight, gestational age, delivery modes, amniotic fluid pollution, intravenous nutrition, mechanical ventilation, and mean hospitalization duration, were observed; the characteristics of the infections, including specimen sources, sampling, infection sites, distribution of pathogens, factors for nosocomial infections, and time of use of antibiotics, were observed as well; the risk factors for the nosocomial infections in the ICU neonates were analyzed. RESULTS Among the 95 ICU neonates with nosocomial infections, the incidence rate of pulmonary infection was 71.58%, higher than that of blood, oral, skin, conjunctiva, or urinary tract infection, and there was significant difference (P＜0.05).Among the 68 strains of isolated pathogens, the isolation rate of gram-negative bacteria was 63.24%, higher than that of the gram-positive bacteria or fungi, and the isolation rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae was significantly higher than that of other species of pathogens (P＜0.05).Compared with the corresponding indexes, there was a significant difference in body mass (no more than 1500 g), gestational age (no more than 30 weeks), neonatal asphyxia, intravenous nutrition, mechanical ventilation, time of use of antibiotics (more than 7 days), frequency of invasive operation (more than 3 times), or hospitalization duration (more than 14 days) ((P＜0.05).All of the above factors were the high-risk independent risk factors for the nosocomial infections in the ICU neonates (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION It is helpful to observe the characteristics of the nosocomial infection in the ICU neonates and screen out the high-risk factors so as to master the epidemiological data of the hospital.It is necessary to put forward the corresponding prevention countermeasures according to the specific situation so as to raise the rate of control of the nosocomial infections.