Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of pathogens causing nosocomial infections in patients with acute cholecystitis and analyze the risk factors so as to provide guidance for prevention and control of the nosocomial infections in the patients with acute cholecystitis.METHODS A total of 410 patients with acute cholecystitis who were treated in the hospital from Jan 2014 to Jun 2016 were recruited as the study objects.The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections and distribution of pathogens were statistically analyzed, the incidence of nosocomial infections was compared between the male patients and the female patients, among the patients in different age groups, among the patients with underlying diseases, among the patients receiving interventional therapy, or among the patients with gallstones.The logistic regression analysis was performed to observe the relationship between the above factors and the nosocomial infections in the patients with acute cholecystitis.RESULTS Of the 410 patients with acute cholecystitis, 23 had nosocomial infections, with the incidence of nosocomial infections 5.61%.Totally 31 strains of pathogens were isolated from submitted specimens of the 23 patients with the infections, including 21 (67.74%) strains of gram-negative bacteria, 8 (25.81%) strains of gram-positive bacteria, and 2 (6.45%) strains of fungi.The result of univariate analysis indicated that the incidence of the nosocomial infections in the patients with acute cholecystitis was associated with the genders, age, underlying diseases, interventional therapy, and gallstones (P＜0.05).The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for the nosocomial infections in the patients with acute cholecystitis included the genders, age, underlying diseases, interventional therapy, and gallstones.CONCLUSIONThe gram-negative bacteria are dominant among the pathogens causing the nosocomial infections in the patients with acute gallstones.The risk factors for the nosocomial infections include the genders, age, underlying diseases, interventional therapy, and gallstones; it is necessary for the hospital to take targeted interventions according to the above factors.