Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of adjuvant oxygen therapy on postoperative incision infections in patients with calcaneus fractures so as to provide guidance for prevention of the postoperative incision infections in the patients with calcaneus fractures.METHODS A total of 226 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of calcaneal fractures in hospitals from Sep 2013 to Aug 2016 were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 113 cases in each group.After the general anesthesia, the oxygen concentration was adjusted to 80% in the experimental group and 30% in the control group, with the oxygen flow 2 L/min.The incidence rates of surgical site infections, wound edge necrosis, calcaneal osteomyelitis, and reoperation due to infections were recorded within 14 days after the surgery; the incidence of postoperative pulmonary atelectasis, postoperative pulmonary infections were recorded.RESULTS The surgical site infections occurred in 4 cases in the experimental group after the surgery for 14 days, with the infection rate 3.5%; the surgical site infections occurred in 12 cases in the control group, with the infection rate 10.6%; the incidence rate of surgical site infections of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group after the surgery for 14 days (P＜0.05).Totally 7 (6.1%) patients had wound edge necrosis in the experimental group after the surgery for 14 days, 19 (16.8%) patients in the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.05).Totally 3 (2.7%) patients received surgery once again due to infections in the experimental group, 10 (8.8%) patients in the control group, and the rate of reoperation due to infections was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of calcaneal osteomyelitis between the experimental group and the control group.CONCLUSIONThe perioperative adjuvant oxygen therapy may remarkably reduce the incidence of postoperative incision infections in the calcaneus fractures without increase of the incidence of pulmonary complications.It has distinct advantages in prevention of the incision infections and the related complications and is worthy to be promoted.