Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the pathogens causing postoperative infections in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery and analyze the related influencing factors for the infections so as to provide clinical basis for prevention of the postoperative infections and put forward the countermeasures.METHODS The clinical data of 2 100 patients who were treated in department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of the hospital from Apr 2013 to Apr 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.The incidence of postoperative infections, distribution of infection sites, distribution of pathogens, and related influencing factors for the postoperative infections were statistically analyzed; the submitted specimens that were obtained from the patients with the infections were cultured for pathogens, the isolated pathogens were identified by using automatic bacteria identification system of Biolog company; the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS18.0 software.RESULTS Of the 2 100 patients who underwent the oral and maxillofacial surgery, 14 had the postoperative infections, with the infection rate 0.67%.Among the 14 patients with the postoperative infections, 5 (35.71%) had lower respiratory tract infections, and 4 (28.57%) had upper respiratory tract infections.A total of 25 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 14 patients with the postoperative infections, of which 14 (56.00%) were gram-negative bacteria, and 11 (44.00%) were gram-positive bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella were dominant among the gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 32.00% and 12.00%, respectively; Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant species of the gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 36.00%.The result of analysis of the related factors revealed that the no less than 50 years of age, foreign body of wound, use of antibiotics, and operation duration no less than 3 hours were the influencing factors for the postoperative infections in the patients undergoing the oral and maxillofacial surgery (P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONThere are a variety of related factors for the postoperative infections in the patients undergoing the oral and maxillofacial surgery, and the infections are mainly caused by the interaction of multiple influencing factors; it is necessary for the hospital to take targeted intervention measures according to the above factors so as to reduce the incidence of the postoperative infections.