Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of invasive fungal infection in children of a hospital in recent 10 years so as to provide scientific basis for improvement of curative effect of the children with invasive fungal infection.METHODS A total of 106 children with invasive fungal infection who were treated in pediatrics department from Jul 2006 to Jul 2016 were enrolled in the study.The distribution of the children with invasive fungal infection in every two years, risk factors for the infection, distribution of pathogens, sources, and clinical symptoms were statistically analyzed; the drug resistance of the major species of fungal pathogens was observed.RESULTS Totally 109 strains of fungi were isolated from 106 children with invasive fungal infection, and the total number of the children with invasive fungal infection was increased year by year, and the children infected with Candida albicans was dominant in each year.The influencing factors for the invasive fungal infection in the children included the broad-spectrum antibiotics, use of hormones, central venous catheterization, blood system tumors, gastrointestinal surgery, and urinary catheter indwelling.Among the fungi causing the invasive fungal infection in the children, the Candida strains were dominant, including 33 (30.3%) strains of Candida albicans, 13 (11.9%) strains of Candida glabrata, 12 (11.0%) strains of Candida tropicalis, and 9 (8.3%) strains of Candida krusei, followed by Cryptococcus neoformans (18 strains, 16.5%), Streptomyces spp (7 strains, 6.4%), and Aspergillus (11 strains, 10.1%).The urinary tract and respiratory tract were the major infection sites of the children with invasive fungal infection, the C.neoformans strains were mainly isolated from cerebrospinal fluid.The C.albican strains were highly resistant to itraconazole and fluconazole but were susceptible to 5-fluorocytosine; the C.neoformans strains were highly resistant to itraconazole and fluconazole but were susceptible to 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B.Cough, instable body temperature, and dyspnea were the most common clinical symptoms of the children with invasive fungal infection, and some of the children were occasionally accompanied by abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and hemoptysis.CONCLUSIONThe children with invasive fungal infection do not have specific clinical characteristics.As for the related risk factors for the infection and the patients who are ineffective for the antibiotics therapy, it is necessary to further seek for the evidence of fungal infection and choose 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B for treatment of the patients with confirmed fungal infection so as to reduce the incidence of invasive fungal infection in the children and improve the therapeutic effect.