Abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate the advantages and disadvantages of single detection and combined detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and liquid-based thin-layer cytology test (TCT) in screening and follow-up of patients and explore the value of detection of high-risk human papillomavirus infection combined with liquid-based thin-layer cytology test in prevention and treatment of cervical cancer and cervical precancerous lesions so as to provide guidance for the screening, follow-up of the cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.METHODS A total of 604 patients who were screened to have cervical lesions in outpatient departments of Huzhou Maternal and Child Health-Care Center and Huzhou Linghu People's Hospital from Mar 2011 to Mar 2015 were enrolled in the study.The cytological morphology of the patients was examined by using TCT, the HPV-DNA was detected by HC-Ⅱ method, the pathological biopsy was carried out at the same time, the pathological diagnosis was the ultimate diagnosis.The relationship between the HPV, TCT and the diagnosis and prognosis of CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ was analyzed.The follow-up was conducted after the CIN was treated fro 6, 12, and 18 months; the prevalence of HPV infection was reexamined, and the result of TCT was analyzed.RESULTS Of 342 CIN patients who were included in the study, 21.64% were aged between 25 and 34 years old, 51.17% between 35 and 44 years old, 16.37% between 45 and 54 years old, 10.82% between 55 and 70 years old.The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the single detection of HPV-DNA were 67.25%(230/342), 70.23%(184/262),74.68%(230/308), and 62.16%(184/296), respectively; the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the single TCT were 63.16%(216/342), 75.57%(198/262),77.14%(216/280), and 61.11%(198/324), respectively; the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the combined detection of HPV-DNA and TCT were 92.11%(315/342), 90.08%(236/262), 92.38%(315/341), and 89.73%(236/263), respectively; the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the combined detection were significantly higher than those of the single detection of HPV-DNA or TCT, with statistical significance (P＜0.05).Only few of the CIN Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients had the relapse or remained after the follow-up for 18 months; the recurrence and residual rates of CINⅡ-Ⅲ were increased with the elevation of pathological grade, which were 7.69%, and 10.26%, respectively; there was significant difference among the three groups (P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONIt is absolutely necessary to carry out the detection of HPV-DNA and TCT in screening and follow-up of the cervical cancer and cervical precancerous lesions.The combined detection of the HPV-DNA and TCT is highly objective and repeatable, with the operation simple, and it may play a guiding role in prevention and treatment of cervical diseases.