Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy of anti-infection treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and observe the changes of levels of inflammatory factors procalcitonin (PCT) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) before and after the anti-infection treatment.METHODS A total of 60 CAP patients who were at moderate risk of death and were treated in the hospital from Jan 2015 to Dec 2015 were enrolled in the study.The enrolled patients were divided into the levofloxacin group with 30 cases and the β-lactams combined with azithromycin group (the combined treatment group) with 30 cases.The vital signs of the patients were monitored at the admission to hospital and during the treatment period, the levels of blood routine, serum hs-CRP, and PCT were also monitored on Day 3 and Day 5 of admission; the viral signs, levels of blood routine, PCT and hs-CRP, and mean hospitalization duration were observed and compared between the two groups of patients.RESULTS There was no significant difference in the genders, age, or vital signs at the admission (body temperature, breath, heart rate) between the two groups of patients (P>0.05).With the time of anti-infection treatment, the time of body temperature returning to normal was significantly shorter in the levofloxacin group than in the combined treatment group (P＜0.05), while there was no significant difference in the time of the rest of vital signs indexes returning to normal.There was no significant difference in the level of blood routine, hs-CRP, or PCT between the two groups of patients at the admission.There was significant difference in the percentage of white blood cell (WBC) counts, neutrophils, or monocyte returning to normal between the levofloxacin group and the combined treatment group on Day 3 of admission (P＜0.05).The percentage of hs-CRP returning to normal of the levofloxacin group was higher than that of the combined treatment group (P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONCompared with β-lactams combined with azithromycin, levofloxacin may acheive more significant clincial effect on treatment of the patients with moderate CAP and usually facilite the improvement of the WBC and inflammatory factor hs-CRP.