Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and vaginal flora and cervical local immune function.METHODS A total of 300 patients with genital tract infection who were treated in gynecology outpatient department form Jan 2013 to Dec 2015 were enrolled in the study and divided into the high-risk HPV group (high-risk HPV positive group ) with 123 cases and the control group (high-risk HPV negative group) with 177 cases.The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection, vaginal flora, and CD₄⁺T, CD₈⁺T in cervical secretions of all the patients were observed.RESULTS Of the 300 patients, 123 had the high-risk HPV infection, with the infection rate 41.0%, of whom 56.9% (70 cases ) had HPV16 infection, and 13.8% had HPV52 infection.The positive rate of Lactobacilli, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma urealyticum, or bacterial vaginosis was significantly higher in the high-risk HPV group than in the control group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Mycoplasma, mycete, or trichomonas between the two groups.The levels of CD₄⁺T and CD₄⁺T/CD₈⁺T in cervical secretions were lower in the high-risk HPV group than in the control group (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in the cervical secretions CD₈⁺T level between the two groups.The result of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the Chlamydia and U.urealyticum were the independent risk factors for the high-risk HPV infection (P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONThe cervical infection with high-risk HPV is associated with the vaginal flora and cervical local immune function. The Chlamydia and U.urealyticum are the independent risk factors for the high-risk HPV infection.