Abstract: OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution of pathogens of puerperal infection in parturient women and to analyze the risk factors of infection. METHODS A total of 483 parturient women who were admitted to the hospital from Jun. 2015 to Oct. 2016 were investigated for the incidence of puerperal infection. The infected parturient women were analyzed, the samples were collected for etiology detection, and univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors of infections. RESULTS There were 17 cases of puerperal infection in 483 cases, and the infection rate was 3.5%, including 8 cases in the perineal incision, accounting for 47.1%. Totally 59 cases of pathogens were detected from 17 cases of puerperal infection, including 24 strains of gram-negative bacteria, accounting for 40.68%, and 30 strains of gram-positive bacteria, accounting for 50.85%. Univariate analysis results showed that the incidence of infection of parturient women with the labor (active) prolonging (> 8 h), long rupture time (> 12 h), cesarean section, iatrogenic improper operation, prenatal and postpartum hemorrhage, premature rupture of membranes, with chronic diseases and anemia was significantly higher than that of other women (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that: the labor (active) prolonging (> 8 h), premature rupture of membranes, iatrogenic improper operation and prenatal and postpartum hemorrhage were independent risk factors for maternal puerperal infection. CONCLUSION Puerperal period is easy to be infected by a variety of pathogenic bacteria, and using the appropriate antimicrobial agents according to the puerperal infection pathogens is important, but more important is to implement targeted prevention measures according to the risk factors of puerperal infection, so as to reduce the incidence of puerperal infection.